Dissecting Rick Kline’s “Bouncing Roundâ€Obama Talks up Economy…” Free Essays

Rick Klein’s composing misleadingly seems as though he just pastesâ together the  many wellsprings of assessments he cites.â â In this article, he begins a consecutive procedure from  one beginning  opinion, trailed by  contrary perspectives  that unwind the author’s planned significance. The peruser will anyway recognize the significance from relating all the compared sentiments. We will compose a custom article test on Dismembering Rick Kline’s â€Å"Bouncing Roundâ€Obama Talks up Economy†¦Ã¢â‚¬  or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now On occasion  the assessments appear to conflict against one another, however  actually they  progress towards a bound together point.â Generally, the ends are not straightforwardly stated, or not those that had been composed, yet the ramifications of every one of them.  At times,  Klein presents a scene of numerous thoughts which counterbalance each other, and the most probable coherent ones stand apart here and there with the stroke of one most persuading sentiment. The noteworthy point here is, the writer never appears toâ force any sentiment on his readers.â Hs perusers finish up from the wide cluster of decisions he presents. Officially now, let us arrange the significant divisions of his article on Obama refered to in this examination. He begins with an explanatory questionâ counting critical points â€defense cuts, war subsidizing, financial boost, migration push†which he dismembers individually more widely all through the essay.â From there the writer handles the issue in a similar request as the manner in which he laid them down as non-serious inquiries. Klein infers his compassion toward Obama all throughoutâ the paper,  but again he does this  through  quoted journalists.  For model he begins a point with this statement:   â€Å"The feeble money related system†¦. gave speculative indications of solidarity †¦.† â€quoting a Washington Post article by Shin and Merle.   ‘Then follow  four more supports of the economy as giving positive indications. He plainly concurs, however not without giving you some help of skepticism.â And this he does with†¦.. A dampener in the following topic:â â€Å"Will it work?â Paul Krugman, wary again†¦.†Ã¢ â Followed by a few paragraphsâ that unmistakably mean to cast a few questions on the monetary recovery†¦.. But then the questions are intended to quietly uphold the feeling that Obama is taking the correct track. The resulting sections are circuitous implications to the challenges of Obama in arranging the troubles ahead.â Some  problems recommended were:â the trouble of requesting that Congress increment the war spending plan, the hazard he is taking in raising the Afghanistan war,   Obama’s troublesome assignment of assuaging the world, and his challenges in destroying the leftovers of American maltreatment in Guantamano.â Again these sentiments are not from the mouth of the author.â They were separated from a few different journalists. At that point comes his inconspicuous support of Obama’s anti-extremist situating on household and global issues, presently introduced as far as a Ronald Brownstein’s remedy that his answers are probably going to continue popular feeling, â€Å"if they suit differing perspectives.†  The next passages from different scholars show Obama’sâ challenges, winding up with a portrayal of the  hard decision he looked in conceding migration issues for in any event a year.  And once more, Klein presents the upsides and downsides from other writers’ mouths. At last, Klein handles  the critical issue of boost bundle, a key Obama initiativeâ€among the significant things of his underlying non-serious inquiries.  He begins by a guarded posing of an Obama opponent.â The he refers to sentiments that debilitate against Obama pundits. Despite the obvious endeavor to not seem like an Obama theological rationalist, the net impact of the feelings introduced  show that even the reactions are in actuality, â€Å"playing politics† against Obama,â in the expression of another essayist which Klein cites ( ABC’s Teddy Davis). This thoughtful tone for Obama is plainly authorized when he refers to Bill Sammon from Fox News†¦.  this time, fundamentally givingâ away  the author’s  sympathies:â He presented this section now as : â€Å"Such a disgrace to see partisanship return†¦.† Coming not from another writer’s pen yet from Klein’s himself, a part with. . The last facetious inquiry was a unimportant subject:â When the primary pup would be brought to the White House?â€presented as one of those â€Å"issues† the President was to face.â â It additionally finished the article inâ the soul of the last logical question:â Where will Obama  have his first Protestant Sunday administration? The most effective method to refer to Dissecting Rick Kline’s â€Å"Bouncing Roundâ€Obama Talks up Economy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ , Papers

Hypothyroidism and dna Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hypothyroidism and dna - Research Paper Example As per Lavin (2009), hypothyroidism can be named as thyroid hormone lack whereby the thyroid hormone levels in the body have no consequences for the body tissues as required. He takes note of that thyroid hormones inadequacy has various negative effects on the general working of the body tissues (Lavin, 2009). How does hypothyroidism influence DNA? It influences DNA by meddling with the use of the messages conveyed by the DNA and DNA translation. By authoritative to the receptors found on the core of every cell, DNA interpretation is influenced. Subsequently, hypothyroidism prompts low degrees of translation of DNA. It lessens DNA union (Thurlbeck and Churg, 1995). The reason for hypothyroidism could be injury to the thyroid organ. A sickness, for example, Hashimoto’s thyroiditis can cause it. It prompts the creation of antibodies that pulverize the thyroid organ. Such sickness is viewed to as an immune system ailment. On the off chance that the pituitary organ is demolished or isn't working appropriately, at that point thyroid hormone creation is decreased. A few drugs like lithium cause hypothyroidism. (Harvard Health Publications; White, and Garber, 2010). Hereditary qualities is can be utilized to clarify how DNA change and modification cause hypothyroidism. When there are DNA changes in different qualities, at that point this can cause intrinsic hypothyroidism. The quantity of chromosomes additionally prompts hypothyroidism (Valente, Hosford-Dunn, and Roeser, 2008). DNA and hypothyroidisim have a mind boggling relationship. Ptaff (2002) affirms that relations of thyroid hormone with the proteins that predicament Deoxyribonucleic corrosive is the primary methods through which thyroid hormone controls interpretation of thyroid hormone-responsive qualities (Ptaff, 2002). In hypothyroidism, DNA methyltransferase action is directed more while that of histone acetylases is controlled less (Acton, 2012). The thyroid â€stimulating hormone ÃŽ ² quality deformity has been found in different families with hypothyroidism. The deformity in the

Satisfying Corporate Shareholders or the Stakeholder as Business Essay

Fulfilling Corporate Shareholders or the Stakeholder as Business Priority - Essay Example Adam Smith, an eighteenth Century scholar, proposed his hypothesis of the undetectable hand, which basically expresses that business’ hunger for benefit will naturally make positive ecological results for society, consequently fulfilling corporate duty toward the advancement of society (Nickels, McHugh and McHugh, 2005). These results remember better financial strength for the area for which the firm works, just as giving new openings and better quality items for residents. At the point when a firm moves its tasks from local to the outside, the results, as estimated by the undetectable hand hypothesis, would to be sure be certain for the remote country wherein the business flourishes. Be that as it may, moving activities out of the household condition, particularly in the midst of national financial emergency, just serves to kill vocation positions for effectively battling residents in the United States, in this manner corporate desires for benefit will in general visually imp aired organizations from the necessities of its potential neighborhood workforce. This theme is fervently discussed today which is very clear in the media and with late exercises of striking laborers who battle to guarantee that occupations remain nearby by forestalling outside development endeavors. Today, Adam Smith may endeavor to calm the flood of social clamor with respect to business moving its activities abroad by expressing that the business had, in some design, reestablished wellbeing to the neighborhood district while it was locally set up. In this way, corporate defenders of Smith’s hypothesis may recommend that business had performed morally...

Spanking Essay Example For Students

Punishing Essay Word Count: 884DoesLead Child Abuse?Were you punished as a kid? Do you think hitting affected you? Each parent has been in a circumstance where a decent hitting appears as though the best way to stop little Juniors hissy fit. Guardians utilize a number to reasons, some you may have heard, to utilize punishing as a type of control. They may state Spare the pole and ruin the youngster. Or on the other hand I was punished and I turned out okey. Indeed, even Kids need hitting to give them whos boss.The issue I wish to introduce is whether beating prompts an ascent in kid misuse and later brutality. Do youngsters who are hit or genuinely rebuffed consider beating to be a vicious demonstration? Do they figure out how to consider brutality to be an adequate method to take care of an issue? At the point when guardians punish their youngsters are they managing them or controlling them?Nancy Samalin, creator of Love and Anger, accepts that beating is simply a major individual hitting a littler individual and it can harm your childs cognizant. A youngster who obeys in view of the dread of being punished, she clarifies is in all likelihood not to build up a feeling of right or wrong without being policed by an all the more remarkable position figure. (Samalin, p. 154). We will compose a custom paper on Spanking explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now She accepts that hitting the youngster you have not set a model that you need your kid to follow later on. New examinations have indicated that kids who are manhandled by their folks genuinely, inwardly, or explicitly grow up and become injurious guardians themselves. Further investigations have demonstrated that youngsters who are truly rebuffed need compassion and worry that causes them care for other people. A general assessment of public sentiment led by the National Committee for the Prevention of Child Abuse in 1994 asked guardians how they restrained their kids in the earlier year. Denying benefits was utilized by 79 percent of the guardians; control to a room was utilized by 59 percent; 49 percent punished or hit their youngsters; and 45 percent offended or swore at their kids. What was astounding about these measurements was that 51 percent didn't hit their youngsters. Presently consider the ascent in kid misuse cases that has caused general wellbeing authorities scrambling for a clarification accusing beating seemed well and good. Inconvenience is, while punishing is down, kid misuse is still up. Joan McCord, creator of Questioning the Value of Punishment, accepts that discipline when all is said in done is the purpose behind the expansion in kid misuse and viciousness. She found that ignored, manhandled, dismissed, just as those genuinely rebuffed will in general become introverted. Numerous youth improvement specialists recommend that thinking, talking, and tuning in to youngsters function admirably in encouraging what is good and bad. As per University of New Hampshire humanist Murray Straus when guardians utilize beating to decrease withdrawn conduct, the drawn out impact will in general be inverse. (Time, p 65). He likewise recommends that saving the bar will help lessen generally speaking degrees of brutality in America. Stratus found that kids whose guardians hit them, when contrasted with those not punished, were increasingly forceful, had higher paces of adolescent wrongdoing, had higher paces of spousal maltreatment, had lower financial accomplishment, and indicated higher medication and liquor misuse rates. By beating, he guarantees, guardians model the standard of brutality and legitimizes it as an approach to take care of issues. (Straus, p127). In demonstrating his case Straus gathered data from telephone interviews directed by the United States Bureau of Labor. Measurements began in 1979 with 807 moms with kids ages six to nine. They were asked how frequently they had punished their kids in the previous week and what the childs conduct resembled did they lie, cheat, take, misbehave in school? After two years a similar gathering was surveyed again and sufficiently sure, the youngsters who had been punished had gotten introverted. .u6c24e4972f530c769c5a8dce896bf786 , .u6c24e4972f530c769c5a8dce896bf786 .postImageUrl , .u6c24e4972f530c769c5a8dce896bf786 .focused content region { min-tallness: 80px; position: relative; } .u6c24e4972f530c769c5a8dce896bf786 , .u6c24e4972f530c769c5a8dce896bf786:hover , .u6c24e4972f530c769c5a8dce896bf786:visited , .u6c24e4972f530c769c5a8dce896bf786:active { border:0!important; } .u6c24e4972f530c769c5a8dce896bf786 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u6c24e4972f530c769c5a8dce896bf786 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; haziness: 1; change: obscurity 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u6c24e4972f530c769c5a8dce896bf786:active , .u6c24e4972f530c769c5a8dce896bf786:hover { mistiness: 1; progress: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u6c24e4972f530c769c5a8dce896bf786 .focused content region { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u6c24e4972f530c769c5a8dce896bf786 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content adornment: underline; } .u6c24e4972f530c769c5a8dce896bf786 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u6c24e4972f530c769c5a8dce896bf786 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-stature: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content design: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-stature: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6c24e4972f530c769c5a8dce896bf786:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u6c24e4972f530c7 69c5a8dce896bf786 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u6c24e4972f530c769c5a8dce896bf786-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u6c24e4972f530c769c5a8dce896bf786:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Dead Poets Society Essay Introduction However in taking a gander at the measurements all the more intently, Dr. Cave Trumbull, an ace beating fan, found that the moms went in the age from 14 to 24. The individuals who punished did as such on a normal of two times per week. He likewise saw that the restricting the age to six to nine years of age distorted the outcomes. By the age of six to nine the kids can comprehend the results of their activities. For them physical discipline, for example, beating, is bound to be additionally embarrassing and damaging. These variables, says Trumbull, in addition to the way that a portion of the children were as old as nine are markers of a useless family in the brain and in the brains of most therapist and pediatricians. (Time, p. 67). As per Trumbull, numerous different examinations have indicated that physical discipline is successful and not destructive to youth improvement on the off chance that it is limited to kids between year and a half to 6 years old. Kids between these ages have poor comprehension of the results of their conduct. He likewise proposes that punishing ought to be just if all else fails. In the wake of putting the youngster on a break at that point caution the person in question that the following misbehave will welcome on a whack on the base.

Study on E-Commerce Essay Example

Study on E-Commerce Essay Possibilities of E-Commerce in India Shweta Sharma, Sugandha Mittal Management Department, Swami Devi Dayal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Barwala, Haryana, India Abstract E-Commerce has released one more upheaval, which is changing the manner in which organizations purchase and sell items and administrations. . Internet business represents electronic business and relates to exchanging merchandise and enterprises through the electronic medium. India is indicating huge development in the Ecommerce. The minimal effort of the PC and the developing utilization of the Internet is one of explanations behind that. There is a developing mindfulness among the business network in India about the open doors offered by eCommerce. The future looks extremely splendid for internet business in India with even the stock trades coming web based giving an online stock portfolio and status with a brief postponement in costs. . In the following 3 to 5 years, India will have 30 to 70 million Internet clients which will rise to, if not outperform, huge numbers of the created nations. 4800 crore online market in 2007-08. The movement entrance MakeMyTrip. com has accomplished Rs 1000 crores of turnovers which are around 20% of absolute internet business showcase in India. Further a yearly development of 65% has been foreseen every year in the movement entryways alone. 3. Development of online business During the year 2000-2001, two significant Industry Associations delivered separate reports on internet business in India. One was set up by the National Committee on ECommerce set up the Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), while the other was dispatched by the NASSCOM and arranged by the Boston Consulting Group. Both the reports are idealistic about the development of internet business in India. The Confederation of Indian Industry (CII) report gauges the volume of web based business to develop to Rs 500 billion (US$ 10. billion) in the year 2003. The NASSCOM-BCG Report, then again, gauges for that year that the all out volume of web based business will be Rs 1,950 billion (US$ 41. 5 billion). Amul, a milk helpful, is effectively utilizing internet business to develop its image reliability. Similarly, corporate in the car division are improving thei r client relations through this medium. A portion of the new names that are rediscovering internet business through new entries at moderately low capital expense, without investment financing include: Key 2 crorepati, Music Absolute, Gate 2 Biz. The minimal effort of the PC and the developing utilization of he Internet has demonstrated the enormous development of Ecommerce in India, in the ongoing years. As indicated by the Indian Ecommerce Report discharged by Internet and Mobile Association of India (IAMAI) and IMRB International, â€Å" The absolute online exchanges in India was Rs. 7080 crores (approx $1. 75 billion) in the year 20062007 and expected to develop by 30% to contact 9210 crores (approx $2. 15 billion) constantly 2007-2008. As per a McKinsey-Nasscom report the online business exchanges in India are required to reach $100 billion by the 2008. Despite the fact that, when contrasted with the western nations, India is still in is its underlying phase of improvement. We will compose a custom exposition test on Study on E-Commerce explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Study on E-Commerce explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Study on E-Commerce explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer E-Marketer conjectures that online deals will dramatically increase by coming to $168. 7 billion of every 2011. piece of the overall industry is advancing toward Australia, India and particularly China. China’s portion of provincial B2C online business will develop more than triple from 4. 1% in 2006 to 14. 3% by 2011. At the low end, South Korea’s B2C internet business deals 1. Presentation As an image of globalization and from numerous points of view its driving element, internet business speaks to the front line of accomplishment in this advanced age. Online business represents electronic business and relates to exchanging merchandise and enterprises through the electronic medium, I. e. the Internet or telephone. On the Internet, it relates to a site, which sells items or administrations legitimately from the website utilizing a shopping basket or shopping bin framework and permits Visa installments. It includes leading business with the assistance of the electronic media, utilizing the data innovation, for example, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). In straightforward words, Electronic business includes purchasing and selling of merchandise and enterprises over the World Wide Web. Clients can buy anything directly from a vehicle or a cake sitting easily in his room and blessing it to somebody sitting miles separated just by snap of a mouse. 2. Extent of online business India is indicating huge development in the Ecommerce. Opponent tradeindia. com has 700,000 enrolled purchasers and it has the development pace of 35% consistently which is probably going to twofold in the year 2010. Indiamart. com claims incomes of Rs. 38 crores and has a developing pace of 50 consistently. It gets around 500,000 enquiries for each month. Without a doubt, with the white collar class of 288 million individuals, web based shopping shows boundless potential in India. The land costs are contacting the sky. The movement entrances share in the online business added to half of Rs will develop by 13. 3% over a similar period. Somewhere in the range of 2006 and 2011, the total CAGR for the five nations will be 23. 3%. Internet business in these business sectors will have grown up when customers begin purchasing increasingly costly, high-contact classes, for example, attire, home goods and gems. 4. Status of online business in India Today E-trade is a dictum in Indian culture and it has become a fundamental piece of our every day life. There are sites giving any number of merchandise and ventures. At that point there are those, which furnish a particular item alongside its associated administrations Multi-item web based business These Indian E-trade entries give products and ventures in an assortment of classes. To give some examples: Apparel and extras for people, Health and excellence items , Books and magazines, Computers and peripherals, Vehicles, Software, Consumer hardware, Household apparatuses, Jewelry, Audio/video, diversion, merchandise, Gift articles, Real bequest and administrations Single-item internet business Some Indian entrances/sites bargain in a specific field, for instance: 1) Automobiles-On these destinations we can purchase and sell fourwheelers and bikes, new just as trade-in vehicles, on the web. A portion of the administrations they give are: Car research and surveys, Online assessment, Technical determinations, Vehicle Insurance, Vehicle Finance. ) Stocks and offers and web based business In India today, we can even arrangement in stocks and offers through internet business. A portion of the administrations offered to enlisted individuals are: Online purchasing/selling of stocks and offers, Market examination and research, Company data, Comparison of organizations, Research on Equity and Mutual Funds. 3) Real home and internet business They give data on new properties just as properties for resale. One can manage designer through expert. Unified administrations: Housing Finance, Insurance organizations, Architects Interior Designers, NRI administrations, Packers Movers. ) Travel the travel industry and internet business India has a rich history and legacy and web based business is instrumental, to a huge degree, in selling India as an item, promising Indians just as outsiders to see its multifaceted culture and magnificence. The traveler goal locales are ordered by subjects like: Adventure trekking, hiking and so on, Eco-Themes relates to wildernesses, widely varied vegetation. 5) Gifts and web based business In the former days, one needed to arrange for what to blessing a friend or family member, walk across to your preferred shop, and peruse for a considerable length of time before buying a blessing. The endowments are ordered as: Collectibles like artistic creations and models, Luxury things like cowhide merchandise, fragrances, gems boxes, and so on, family unit doodads and floor coverings, and so on, Toys games, Chocolates, Flowers, Woodcraft metal-make. Fig. 1 deals of chosen nations in Asia Pacific Online travel is the biggest web based business deals class in most significant nations. For a similar gathering of five nations, in addition to New Zealand, online recreation and unmanaged business travel deals totaled about $17. 7 billion of every 2007 and are estimate to ascend to $41. 7 billion by 2011. E-Marketer figures that from 2006 to 2011 online travel deals will develop at a 24. % yearly rate, higher than the 23. 3% rate for B2C web based business. This shows travel is one of the key drivers of web based business deals in the APAC area. Fig. 2 Graph of deals in chosen nations In China and India, online-travel spending drives B2C internet business deals, and it represent s a larger part of absolute deals. Shoppers are less careful about purchasing administrations like train or carrier tickets on the web, and dealers can maintain a strategic distance from the coordinations and conveyance issues related with physical merchandise. Jeffrey Grau, senior expert at e Marketer, said that such inclinations underscore how internet business in the district has a tremendous measure of development ahead. ) Hobbies and online business The most well known side interests from days of yore are perusing, music and movies. The books spread a wide scope of themes like Business, Art, Cookery, Engineering, Children’s Stories, Health, Medicine, Biographies, Horror, Home Garden, and so forth 7) Matrimony and E-trade It is said that relationships are made in paradise, however in the realm of E-business they are made on marriage entryways One can scan for a reasonable match on their sites by district of habitation (India or abroad), religion or rank. Associated administrations for enrolled individuals: Astrological administrations, Information on Customs and Rituals, Legal issues, Health Beauty, Fashion Style, Wedding Planners. 8) Employment and online business Two significant entryways like www. Monsterindia. com and www. naukri. com (which means work. com in Hindi) are instrumental in furnishing work searchers with appropriate work at the snap of a mouse. The administration for j

Take Only Memories

Take Only Memories I just came back to my dorm room from all the graduation hooplah. I have a diploma. I have about 100 pictures. I have a sunburn. Its a strange feeling (being graduated, not being sunburned. Im plenty used to that by now.) On MIT’s list of 101 things to do before graduation for the class of 2012, there has always been one elusive item that confused me: #5: Understand the true meaning of IHTFP. The five letters of IHTFP, which can mean a variety of things to a variety of people, have been passed down through MIT generations as a sort of rite of passage. To students, sometimes it’s “I Have Truly Found Paradise.” Sometimes, it’s “I Hate This F-ing Place.” As my last semester began, I started to wonder if I would know when I really knew the meaning of this saying. Thinking back on the past four years, I can finally say I do. I can also cross off #2 (Pull an all-nighterfor fun). I actually had more all-nighters for fun than for schoolwork in the past four years. In chronological order, they were: 1) to finish my first engineering project 2) to make this flag with Martha ’12 for the Cross Country and Track teams 3) after an 8:00PM track race that went well and I was so hyped up on happiness, adrenaline, and post-race chocolate that I didn’t snap out of it until I found myself sorting laundry at 4 in the morning in the basement of my dorm, Baker House. 4) while working a shift at Baker desk and I got myself into a Glee, Modern Family, Community, and New Girl epic marathon. But I think the more powerful things I’ve gotten away from my four laps around this track called the Institute were the unexpected lessons.The GEL program has a portfolio presentation requirement for its Two-Year Program students. This is an opportunity for us to tell the staff what we have learned from GEL and how our leadership style has changed over the years. I joined GEL for the opportunity to develop leadership skills in a technical setting, but it amazes me to see how the lessons have reached into non-technical fields, too. I know how to write a specification for a project. I know how to follow one.   I know what to do if I have an idea for an improvement to the project. I know how to negotiate. I know the importance and value of having a mentor. I couldnt say any of this two years ago, so even though I have more to learn, I feel like an entirely different person than the Maggie from 2008. When I came to MIT, I lived in a quad and kind of had the reputation as “the quiet one.” I would generally sit at my desk and not bother anyone while doing homework. One day, our neighbor Lizz came in to offer her daily dose of humor. “What do you call cheese that isn’t yours?” Something in my mind broke at that second. This was my go-to joke in high school, and floods of memories flashed before my eyes as I spun around in my chair and exclaimed, “NA-CHO CHEESE” with the sass of a 30-year-old hair salon stylist. Lizz and I have been best friends ever since. And neither of us has any sort of quiet reputation. When I came to MIT, I wanted to be a biology researcher. My life goal was to be published in big science journals, so I worked in three different labs during my undergraduate years. One of those experiences was a year-long UROP working with polymers as a cell environment. At the end of the project, I asked my supervisor if I could write an article for the MIT Undergraduate Research Journal, and she said yes! So, within a few months, I got my first research publication. It was small, but it was a start. And that was when I realized that I could actually get things done with my writing. Ideas would hit me at night and I jumped out of bed to start typing. In fact, I started my first draft of this entry at 1:20AM because I was too afraid the narrative would escape me in the morning. One of my favorite memories of MIT will be writing this article, which I had been working on for two months as I talked with MITs former President, Vice President and Secretary of the Corporation, and Chancellor along with countless faculty, staff, students, and alumni. People came up to me to tell me they read the article with tears in their eyes. None of my research had ever moved someone liked that before. I’ve never turned in a pset and heard a grader say, “wow, that really made me change the way I think about things.” But I’ve found something that can have that effect, and I don’t want to let it go. And before anyone scoffs to say why I love writing at a tech school, this past semester I wrote grant proposals for a writing project on biomedical engineering in Vietnam this summer, and it was that writing that convinced a very generous individual to offer guidance through my planning stages. I wouldnt have the vision for this project if it wasnt for effective writing. When I came to MIT, I generally stuck to the safe road. This summer, thanks to MISTI I’m going to a country I’ve never been to before to work in an industry I have little experience in and speak a language I’ve only been studying since January. It’s terrifying, yes, but I know that by Thanksgiving I will know about all those things and much more. When I came to MIT, I knew very few people. I walked down the hallway of Baker House, dropped my stuff off in my room, and started knocking on doors to meet people. I met a sophomore who was still my friend even as she graduated last year. Now, I feel like a member of a larger community. As the last touch of my final entry, I wanted to leave some closing thoughts for the youngn’s out there. I realize it comes after Elizabeth’s amazing doodles of inspiration, and cant touch the epicness of this and this, but consider this your extra helping of MIT advice: These are just some of the seniors of Baker House! Josh, Juan, Alisha, Tim the Beaver, Mary, Yun, me, and Allison celebrated the end of 4 great years. And, above all else: Oddly enough, I am really going to miss doing workouts on the outdoor track in October, when the sunset behind Simmons is actually brilliant. And you know what? I’m even going to miss that one bird outside my dorm room window whose chirping has teased me during many late nights starting around 2:30. I only say that because I could hear it when I started drafting this entry. It’s yet another memory I’ll take with me from MIT.

Descartes Method in Meditations on First Philosophy - Literature Essay Samples

In order to investigate the intricacies of Descartes’ method, we must first come to an understanding of what Descartes is hoping to accomplish by use of it, and the true immediacy with which he writes. The objectives he introduces, namely to prove that â€Å"the human soul does not die with the body, and that God exists† (3), are not wants for Descartes, but absolute necessity. For Descartes, the world without God is an unregulated breeding ground of happy vice and endless convenience at the cost of morality; a world in which truth has no value and nothing can be certain; where he can deny his daughter right to the moment of her untimely death without consequence; where his only reason for continuing to live is to carve out the path of escape from this treachery for all damned or lost others. The ideal of his philosophy and the purpose of his methodical project then becomes to uncover what is certain what is free from all error, from all sources of doubt or the temptat ion to doubt and to find God within that certainty. In the First Meditation is is established that he will accomplish this through radical doubt, in which all sources of potential error are suspended so that he must assume everything is a lie (or a liar) before he can prove certain things to be true, through a process of demonstrative thinking and geometrical proofs. He must leave no stone unturned, so to speak. In this line of thinking, even God is introduced as a potential deceiver, where, in Descartes’ darkness of mind, the radical love of God melds into chaotic deceit for deceit’s sake. Descartes writes: â€Å"How do I know that [God] has not brought it about that there is no earth, no sky, no extended thing, no shape, no size, no place, while at the same time ensuring that all these things appear to me to exist just as they do now? †¦ How do I know that God has not brought it about that I too go wrong every time I add two and three or count the sides of a square?† (18). Is is necessary for this content t o be included in the First Meditation for several reasons. Besides establishing exactly how his project is going to be conducted for the next five sections, the content of the First Meditation sets the tone for the following. Although at the end of this section, he does acknowledge that God is â€Å"supremely good and the force of truth† (19), his initial instinct to question the good and honest nature of God introduces Descartes’ relationship to God as one lacking reverence, which is especially important for us to understand going into Meditations 2 and 3. The general tone of Descartes’ project is introduced in the beginning of the section, when he writes: â€Å"I realized that is was necessary, once in the course of my life, to demolish everything completely and start right again†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (15). For all the anguish it would cost to â€Å"demolish† one’s entire life and start over, Descartes approaches it in a way that seems unusually clinica l, as if he is resigned to this necessary evil that he has assigned to himself. It is in this manner that Descartes appears to take on a sacrificial role, not unlike the Messianic mission, which, again, will be further developed in the following couple Meditations. If mental illness for Descartes is not being able to identify oneself as a thinking thing and only believing in what one sees (Bova), then the moments in his project before the Second Meditation, where he will identify such things, are for now his final moments of solidarity with society in any regard; before the curative thoughts are documented, he is as ill as all the deceived and deceiving world. This is the calm before the storm of self-inflicted isolation. In the Second Meditation, Descartes discovers that the only thing which he cannot doubt about himself is the fact that he is doubting, that he has convinced himself of something and is, thereby, a thinking and existing thing, where thought and existence are totally confluent in that (at least pertaining to mankind) they arise together and are inseparable from conception. As previously mentioned, this discovery officially designates Descartes’ narrative as a reliable one, having removed it from the possibility of mental illness according to his own standards. The placement of the content of the Second Meditation directly before that of the Third Meditation is necessary because the Second Meditation indirectly begs a question that the Third Meditation answers, namely if Descartes has proved in existence in that he is a thinking thing, what is it that allows him to be a thinking thing in the first place? The Third Meditation is subtitled â€Å"The existence of God†, and, accordingly, deals with all that God is and must be in order for mankind to have access to truth and the idea of perfection. In this section, Descartes establishes that God does exist based on the fact that he, as a thinking thing, can conceive of God, and the perfection that God is. He writes: â€Å" it must be concluded that the mere fact that I exist and have within me an idea of a most perfect being, that is, God, provides a very clear proof that God indeed exists† (40). Because God is infinite, and infinitely conservative of God’s existence, and, in God’s perfection, embodies a perpetual unadulterated truth, the conservation of God’s existence allows us to have continuous access to the truth. The placement of the Third Meditation is vital to our understanding of subsequent Meditations, first and foremost because it solidifies the idea of God as the one perfect thing that which contains all perfections and allows us to set ourselves as imperfect by contrast. This is vitally important to the process of the Fourth Meditation, which dotes on whether or not God could be a source of potential deception. Secondly, the thoughts in this section of the text establish that which can exist wholly on its own (i.e. God and the mind, which can conceive of ideas about God) as sources of truth, allowing us to better understand the binary differences between truth and falsity that Descartes outlines in the Fourth Meditation. The notion of the mind being able to separate from the body also suggests a lack of captivity (from the confines of the extremely finite body), which would fulfill the requirement of having â€Å"freedom of choice† to conceive of â€Å"clear and distinct ideas† as is introduced in the Fourth Meditation. It is also important for the ideas in this section of the text to have come after the first and second sections, because only after Desc artes’ clear demonstration of a lack of reverence toward God, combined with his thoughts in this section, can we begin to see Descartes’ ultimate connection with God; he wants to mirror him, and is going through the motions of God as a being that cannot deceive, who is (re)constructing the universe. Descartes writes in this section: â€Å"But perhaps I am something greater than I myself understand, and all the perfections which I attribute to God are somehow in me potentially, though not yet emerging or actualized† (41). Perhaps, beyond that Descartes’ method of uncovering absolute certainty is to radically doubt, as has already been established, it is beginning to become apparent that Descartes’ method of uncovering absolute certainty is to become God; or at least god-like; at least mirror the experience of God and the attributable perfections to the best of his ability. After all, the only way he can truly be free from doubt is if he is in the po sition of being the full and sole author of the meaning of his actions; however this role belongs conventionally to God. After having kept the matter hanging in the balance for so long from the first exercise, Descartes in the Fourth Meditation finally determines that God is not a deceiver. Now that God’s perfect existence has been proven by the thoughts in the previous section, Descartes can come to the conclusion that it would be impossible for God to have deceptive tendencies, on the basis that â€Å" in every case of trickery or deception some imperfection is to be found†, for example, â€Å"the will to deceive is undoubtedly evidence of malice or weakness† (43). Since God is perfect, the weakness of morality and spirit that would be required of someone in order to be a deceiver cannot be attributed to God. Furthermore, Descartes establishes in this section what is certainly true and what is a potential source of error, or, more broadly, a falsity, through the use of binary opposites (in which something is defined by its exclusion from the other thing) and an understanding of t he causes of error as the extension of our will to understanding something past that which we can understand by nature. That said, he grants that truth can be found in God and God’s perfect will, in the mind, and, by extension, in what is internal and infinite, as well as in the imperfect human will when it is understanding. Therein, falsity can be found in humanity and human imperfection, in the body, and, by extension, in what is external and finite, as well as in the imperfect human will when it is in excess of understanding. Finally, this section more or less introduces the concept of clear and distinct ideas. These denote a freedom of choice to either affirm or deny what is comfortably understood (not an over-extension of the will). Descartes explains that when conceiving of one of these ideas, his mental freedom will guide him confidently down one path of either affirmation or denial, in relation to either his own natural understanding or intervention by a divine force. He says that he is not, however, confined by these interventions, as they â€Å"increase and strengthen† his freedom (46). A reprisal of the previous section is evident here as, once again, there appear to be developments in Descartes’ use of identification with God in uncovering the truth, as he pursues total freedom of mind in order to have ideas about what is certain and not. As far as why this section of the text should be placed before the Fifth Meditation, the judgements Descartes draws on what makes an idea clear and distinct allows for him to re-demonstrate the existence of God through their use. We now know that clear and distinct ideas represent a will that is closer to that of God because of the mental freedom that is required in order to conceive of them, so the demonstrations Descartes makes about the existence of God after having introduced these ideas are more godly and therein more true. Also in the Fourth Meditation, as previously noted, humanity has been designated a falsity in light of God’s inherent truth. This as well as the earlier understanding that there is weakness in the will to deceive, can help us to understand why Descartes thinks it necessary in the Fifth Meditation to accept the weakness of human nature. In the Fifth Meditation, Descartes asks us to accept the weakness of our nature as human beings. Despite having broken down everything in a process of agonizingly discovering what could possibly be true and free from error, Descartes writes in this section: â€Å" I can convince myself that I have a natural disposition to go wrong from time to time in matters which I think I perceive as evidently as can be† (55). Whereas before he more or less grouped both under the broad brush category of ‘falsities’, Descartes acknowledges here that there is a difference between allowing oneself to be deceived and making errors in judgement, such as taking a stance only to become swayed to a different stance by a convincing argument (55). It seems here that he believes the occasional lapse in judgement is inescapable. Descartes then goes on to affirm, once again, the existence of a God, however this time through the lens of â€Å"clear and distinct† thought. Since God is perfect and contains all perfections within himself, and existence is a perfection (we can deduce from the designation in the Fourth Meditation of the ‘infinite’, which exists ambiguously more, to the category of certainty, and the ‘finite’, which exists ambiguously less, to the category of falsity, that the more something exists the more perfect it is), then God must exist. The placement of these ideas immediately before those that appear in the sixth and final section of the project is clearly necessary in that this section’s establishment of God’s perfection and existence allows for the potential existence of external things to be explored in the Sixth Meditation. So, since God is perfect, and, in God’s perfection, is not capable of deceiving, and we are continuously able to sense things that are external to us it is the natural conclusion that external things do exist. This discovery by Descartes in the Sixth and final Meditation completes his task of restructuring his world, as he has brought into existence once again both the internal and the external. It is also in this discovery, as well as his conceptions of mind-body dualism, wherein his mind can be free from the body and function of its own accord, that Descartes is able to point to the immortality of the soul. Because he can successfully mimic God’s obligations to (re)create or to determine existence, and because he can exist without his finite body, Descartes can then identify himself with immortality, and, by extension, perfection, truth, and God.